Conservation Manu Park

Biotic of the Manu Park:

Threats to biodiversity outpace the resources of the conservation community and necessitate careful prioritization of conservation manu park  actions. I suggest that targeting the regions where biogeographic assemblages 

intersect—“biogeographic crossroads”—is a strategy that may achieve significant conservation economy by focusing on areas that satisfy many conservation criteria. I used a combination of data on Scarabaeine beetles in

Bolivia and on other taxa and locations from the literature to consider the short- and long-term benefits of

conserving these biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads are areas of high species richness and beta diversity, often across many taxonomic groups. They are also regions where representativeness can be achieved

with relative efficiency. Recent evidence that ecotones may be loci of evolution suggests that evolutionary processes such as speciation and coevolution may be conserved at biogeographic crossroads in the Conservation

Manu Park. Biogeographic crossroads appear to be areas of high conservation priority and opportunity in both the short and long term and require increased attention in the process of setting conservation priorities manu jungle

trips . BIOTIC OF THE MANU PARK IN PUERTO MALDONADO: Tours in Biotic of the Manu National Park and Jungle Trips and Sandoval Lake and Tambopata tours.

DISTINCT BIOTIC REGIONS OF GEOGRAPHY – CONSERVATION MANU PARK -Conservation Manu Park .

covering an extraordinary geography. Manu Biosphere Reserve encompasses a series of distinct biotic regions that range from over 13.7OO feet (4,020 meters) in height down to lowland tropical rainforest only 1.2O0 feet (365

meters) above sea level Between snow line and 11.5OO feet (3.500 meters) lies the Puna, a tundra-like area

characterized by pale yellow ichu grass. Isolated blue lakes. tassel-eared llamas. and remnant forests of native queñua These native forests are some of the most ecologically threatened in Peru. And contain amazingly-high

levels of endemism. The photo above shows a view from Tress Cruces near the entrance of the reserve. in the

background rises the Urubamba Mountain range or Cordillera Urubamba.

CLOUDFOREST OF THE MANU PARK

Crossing over the eastern edge of the Andes. the traveler journeying towards the Manu river often encounters a

thick blanket of clouds the beginning of the cloud forest in this mysterious. Ghostly-lit word live brilliant-red

Cock- of the-Rocks. Spectacled Bears and scores of dripping tree ferns bromeliads. and orchids Ranging in elevation from 1,1.500 to 3.000 feet (3.500 to 1,000 meters), the cloud forest is one of the least studied of

environments; at least 50% of its plant species are found nowhere else on earth. Above a view to the south-east

from -trees Cruces.

CLOUD STRIPPING MANU PARK – CONSERVATION MANU PARK .

Heavy mists and frequent rains (up to 23 feet. or 6 meters annually) support the cloud forest’s dense stunted

canopy of evergreen trees in a process called “cloud stripping the leaves cause the condensation of the moisture

from the clouds. Water is therefore continually forming on the plant surfaces and drip-ping towards the ground in many Andean myths, the cloud forest is considered a realm of moral obscurity evil and even treachery such myths

may partly be due to the fact that according to Inca legend Indians from the lowland rainforest are said to have

climbed up through the cloud forest and sacked the Incas capital of Cuzco not once. but several times below Rain

Frog (Eleuthero dactylus cosñipata) enjoys abundant moisture at 5,300 feet (1.600 meters) in the Cosñipata Valley

right The base of Cerro Apuccañahuay Located near Tress cruces Cruces. At 13:000 feet (4.000 meters). it is one of Manu’s highest mountains. manu jungle trips .

HUMIDITY OF THE CLOUD FOREST – MANU PARK

The perpetual humidity of the cloud forest makes t an ideal home for epiphytes-plants that live on other plants

their moisture and nutrients from their surroundings. not the ground. As dust, leaves and dirt accumulate on

branches lichens and mosses begin a colonization process that is soon followed by ferns bromeliads and orchids.

In this photo, cloud forest trees lie swathed in thick carpets of epiphytic plants that may accumulate one upon the

other, layer after layer interestingly. Mosses, lichens and ferns-some of the oldest plants on earth all depend upon

motile sperm for sexual reproduction inextricably linked to third watery origins. Rain must fall in order for the

plants sperm to be able to travel over the plants’ wet surfaces, find an egg, and reproduce. Flowering plants

evolved only later relying upon pollen as a means of liberating themselves ¡re from their ancient links to the sea.

The’ve heard hundreds of times but every night is like the first.

On each occasion, and depending usually mood of the narrator, the stories are modified and enriched: the laughter from the audience and one another for hours – “Manu Jungle Trips”. Mishaja, whose name is Augustine, is one of

about six hundred native Ese’eja still inhabit the jungles of southeastern Peru. They, like many other ethnic groups

in the lower Amazonian rainforest is threatened the survival of their traditions and customs, its people

remain same, because of the new rhythms imposed by modern society. The nearby community forests are not

what they were before. Macaws avoid flying over their homes and the big fish are so rare in the river and trees in the big cities. There is, however, a place where the forest is still rich and lush, where man is only a rare visitor and

where nature makes the rules, in the same way it did for millennia. That site is called Candamo and is known today

as ‘the last forest without men’ – “Manu Jungle Trips”. Until a few weeks ago, very few knew of the existence of

tropical forests in the southern department of Puno, almost always tied by direct association with the still blue

waters of the great lake Titicaca Puno and mushroom hats of farmers of the Altiplano – Puno tours. Augustine Mishaja was perhaps the first of the Ese’eja natives know these distant lands.

With only ten years old and charged only with his little bow and some arrows,

he accompanied his father on a trip to the wilds of height, in order to explore new areas for hunting and fishing.

His people-once Nomade required to relocate due to the gradual depletion of hunting around the small village, then located somewhere in the headwaters of the rivers Chuncho and La Torre. At that time, Augustine and his

father walked for weeks through virgin forests and untouched rivers, covering areas that had never seen any man. They finally came to a small settlement of settlers engaged in cutting and sawing wood. It was the first time that

Augustine saw a Western man. Nearly four decades later, the camp took the name Sandia, becoming the principal town in the jungle advanced mountain Puno – “Manu Jungle Trips”. But Augustine and his father soon returned to

the woods. Back home they spoke to his people in the presence of white men in the upper reaches of rivers, mountains and modern tools they had never seen before. Augustine, however, was deeply impressed by the woods

he had known. This busy group of settlers yes they were new to him, but the wonderful jungles why he walked long beyond his capacity for wonder. He had never seen so many macaws, tapirs and many many deer in one area;

there fish swimming in crystal calm waters of the river and even the elusive jaguar showed travelers, forcing them to flee twice by the river before the threatening presence of the largest predators of manu rainforest floor.

Candamo Forests are located in the extreme south of the department of Puno,

at an altitude of 850 m. Access to them is an adventure, an almost epic journey which involves travel more than 300 miles of winding rivers dodging waterfalls, riffles and dangerous infested waters stripes and electric eels. The

journey begins in the bustling town of Puerto Maldonado, located at the confluence of the Tambopata and Madre de Dios rivers. Aboard one of the canoes for hire, usually equipped with an outboard engine, some fuel rods and

classic small-small as engine parts, the journey takes us upstream T ambopata for a full day. At the end of the first day of travel, will be behind the lands of the Native Community of Infierno and the mouths of the rivers La Torre,

Malinowski and Chuncho, camping on the quiet sandy beaches Upper Tambopata tours, and far from the last settlement human in the reserved area in the lowland rainforest of Manu. The next day starts leaving the

Tambopata tours to enter, provided upstream Távara the scenic river, a tributary descending pristine mountain carving and forming a spectacular canyon between lush rainforests.

Ascend the river is a chore Távara reserved only for the most experienced riders.

With only a few feet of water and strong currents, it must overcome countless rocky steps and often slide the boats

on logs to overcome accidents in the narrow channel of stone in the lowland rainforest of Manu. Browse the entire

length of Távara can take, depending on the skill of the boatman and the amount of water in the river, between

one and three days, to finally reach the point where the river divides into two even smaller tributaries. On the left

the mighty river Macaw, impossible to navigate because of the huge stones that form its bed, and right hand

Candamo our destination – “Manu Jungle Trips”. During the first few kilometers upstream of Candamo, the

situation varies very little in relation to Távara with abundant waterfalls and steps very difficult.